Plume Signature Research Enables Missile Defense

  • Published
  • By Air Force Office of Scientific Research
  • AFOSR
ARLINGTON, Va. --  Air Force (AF) and Missile Defense Agency (MDA) programs rely on accurate target or threat missile signature data for all stages of flight. The results of interceptor algorithm research and development activities conducted at AFRL and various universities transitioned to users of these programs. Simulation and prediction of vehicle flow fields and plume radiation signatures at high altitudes require a specialized numerical tool known as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). AFRL conducted research in-house and also sponsored basic research at the University of Michigan and Pennsylvania State University to enhance DSMC capabilities. These efforts resulted in new and improved approaches, including one such enhancement that incorporates vital real-gas properties into the DSMC technique.

In addition, the scientists were able to devise methods for increasing simulation efficiency and utilizing computer clusters to create feasible simulations of expensive, realistic problems. They also produced sophisticated verification and validation studies for a range of physical DSMC models. As a result, the production of flow and signature predictions is now an order of magnitude faster and has a much higher fidelity than was achievable 5 years ago.

While ongoing basic research activities continue to advance the development of next-generation additions, such as the inclusion of particulates (e.g., soot, aluminum oxide, or fuel droplets) within gas-flow simulations, scientists have already transitioned a substantial number of capabilities. Spectral Sciences, Inc., leveraged Small Business Innovation Research contracts and Department of Defense advanced development funds to modernize its DSMC tool, the Spacecraft/Orbiter Contamination Representation Accounting for Transiently Emitted Species (SOCRATES), incorporating the latest research results into a highly capable and usable SOCRATES package. AF and MDA users employ the SOCRATES package to answer pressing questions related to the plume signatures required for interceptor algorithms, sensor design, and more.