Dr. Amanda Schrand, of AFRL’s Munitions Directorate, and Dr. Cheryl Xu (then an Associate Professor at Florida State University, now located at North Carolina State University) have been collaborating since 2016. Their research focused on various materials solutions for high temperature sensors and diagnostics. The team consisted of many collaborators that were assessing the gaps in 3D printing technology. Ceramics printing came as a natural materials gap and also fit into their topic on survivability for defense environments. (Courtesy photo)